endobj

Verb Group or Gerund Cls, (gerund-participle clause; complement to the auxiliary [the primary verb]), Charlie dislikes [sitting quietly]. You can view a page a day like this without registering. Same word used as preposition and adverb, 7. The miscreants had left before the police arrived. Verb + Gerund Cls, Charlie objects to [sitting quietly].

After having spent six hours at the hospital, they eventually came home.

Just go through our Coffee Vending Machines Noida collection. Here is how weve known clause traditionally: A clause is a grammatical group of words that contains both subject and finite verb. We also offer the Coffee Machine Free Service. Altering its diet would. Clientele needs differ, while some want Coffee Machine Rent, there are others who are interested in setting up Nescafe Coffee Machine. A participial clause can be present participial or past participial clause. (main: past), We didnt get any food because we didnt have enough time. undisturbed (Adj) not bothered by anyone, Julie Sevastopoulos (contact) ESL / ELL / TEFL English Grammar Reference / Resource Practices & Exercises Palo Alto, California USA ), (Past tense is used in the main clause [finite clause], in the subordinate clause [finite clause]. (Theyre better known as participial phrase.)

Charlie, [who is admired by his classmates], raised his hand. (relative clause). Non-finite clauses, like dependent clauses, cant exist on their own and hence are embedded into independent clauses. (infinitival), [Speaking in class] is encouraged. We often use non-finite clauses after some subordinating conjunctions like after, although, though and if: By the end of the day, although exhausted, Mark did not feel quite as tired as he had in the past. (Use scroll-to-top arrow at the bottom of the page to move back to Table of Contents). They said their vows standing in the rain and undisturbed by barely anyone. The verb hopes has the subject Charlie, and knows has the subject he. Coffee premix powders make it easier to prepare hot, brewing, and enriching cups of coffee. Note that non-finite clauses may also be classified as -ing clause (present participial + gerund), -ed clause (past participial), and infinitive clause. A nonfinite participle clause usually has a -ed or -en verb form (secondary verb). <> Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English. Nonfinite clauses tend to express less information than matching finite clauses. We will see that there are grounds for not discarding it altogether, however, and we therefore reinterpret itas a syntactic category of the clause, rather than as an inflectional category of the verb. Verbless clauses dont contain even non-finite verb. Learn the two finite clauses in detail: As we saw earlier, there are two types of non-finite verbs: participle and infinitive. In the South, weather marked by exceptionally high temperatures and exceptionally little precipitation has destroyed crops. Roles of finite clauses: infinitive clause subject, extraposed subject, subject predicative, direct object, object predicative, adverbial, part of noun phrase, part of adjective phrase, -ing clause subject, extraposed subject, subject predicative, direct object, prepositional object, adverbial, part of noun phrase, part of adjective phrase, complement of preposition, -ed clause direct object, adverbial, part of noun phrase, "The general term 'finite' is related to its everyday sense of 'limited', a finite verb is characteristically limited with respect to person and number [marked for person and tense].Non-finite clauses are characteristically subordinate and non-finiteness can be seen as an instance of the phenomenon known as 'desententialisation', the loss of properties that are associated with a clause standing alone as a full sentence." A finite clause includes a primary verb a verb that can be inflected for tense, person and sometimes number and includes a subject. The children [who were annoyed by Charlie] told him to "zip his lips". A nonfinite clause is a dependent clause, which functions as part of a sentence such as a subject, a verbalcomplement ("object"), a prepositional complement ("object"), or a noun complement (modifier). Vending Services has the widest range of water dispensers that can be used in commercial and residential purposes. There are three main types: This is a full preview of this page. Other children are annoyed because [Charlie raises his hand constantly]. Also see Two Verb Categories (primary v. secondary) | Subject | Complement | Supplement | Phrase vs. Raise your hand. [with progressive auxiliary]; The boy [waving his hand] is annoying. Participle Modifiers 1, The [annoyed] children locked Charlie in the closet. ), Charlie stands up to [speak in class]. (irregular), Charlie does his math. Verb + Infinitive Biber, Douglas, and Stig Johansson, et al. [Noun], Weighing a pig wont fatten it. That has no meaning; it merely serves as a marker for the subordinate clause and it is not part of the clause. Charlie does not want to sit in class all day. Bare Infinitives (without to), It is hard for Charlie to [sit quietly]. Clauses whose verb is primary form are finite, those whose verb is a past participle or gerund-participle are non-finite, but those with a plain form verb can be either depending on the construction. An infinitive clause, which starts with to, can function as noun, adjective, or adverb. It can be a main clause or a subordinate clause, e.g. The evidence given to Cullen was monitored closely. "Who" is a relative pronoun in the finite clause and refers to the noun before it. The marker for subordinates the subject ("agent") into the infinitival clause. [pre-position subject-noun modifier] (Huddleston 3 1.5). While a part of the package is offered free of cost, the rest of the premix, you can buy at a throwaway price. Charlie likes the teacher's attention, so [he raises his hand constantly.]. The two classifications are one and the same. When/While -ing, (gerund-participle clause; modifier to "Charlie"). Clause (fragment vs. sentence). Because the verb in the present tense or past tense is called a finite verb, the clause that contains a finite verb is called a finite clause. They can occur in finite clauses after a tensed verb: He is/was eating his dinner.

It is usually a subordinate clause. (w/subject), The teacher encourageshis [participating in discussions]. The marker to subordinates the infinitival clause. The train approaching the platform is on time. They can be main clauses or subordinate clauses: I spoke to Joanne last night. How does traditional definition of clause fit in with finite and non-finite clause? 7. A nonfinite clause includes a secondary verb as the "head" of the clause. Other students are quiet and may think that they don't have anything important to say. Charlie is not here today. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check" or "Check 11-15" button. It can be an independent clause, which can stand on its own as a sentence, or a dependent clause, which cant be a sentence. (-ing modifiers) Verb or Noun Form? Huddleston "catenative auxiliaries" 14 4.2.2; The auxiliary takes a nonfinite complement. Sagen Sie uns etwas zu diesem Beispielsatz: Adjectives and adjective phrases: typical errors, Adverbs and adverb phrases: typical errors, Nationalities, languages, countries and regions. 3 0 obj A gerund clause functions as noun in a sentence. Since non-finite verb is participle and infinitive form of verb, in other words, a non-finite clause contains a participle or an infinitive as its verb. This is because some verbs are irregular. Take this example: We have here the nonfinite clause to see you. Overtaking a moving vehicle is more dangerous. A nonfinite clause includes a secondary verb a verb not inflected for tense, person or number (e.g., infinitival, gerundial or past participial verb form) and occasionally a subject (e.g., his, him for). A relative clause can be non-finite when the subject of the relative clause is the same as the subject of the main clause: The man sitting on the sofa over there is Simons brother. A secondary (nonfinite) verb is not marked for tense, aspect, mood, number and person, and it cannot serve as the predicate in an independent clause. (although he was exhausted). endobj Fgen Sie ${headword} zu einer der folgenden Listen hinzu oder erstellen Sie eine neue. What is dependent clause and its role in sentences? we therefore reinterpret itas a syntactic category of the clause, rather than as an inflectional category of the verb. Similarly, for is analyzed as a subordinator of the subject of the infinitive clause. You have to look at the picture really carefully in order to see all the detail. (purpose), Charlie helps us [answer questions]. The teacher ignoresCharlie if [he waves his hand wildly]. @A hk{tG]q< F\MAN*;x @ g7D6mgo7XD}I8YzYy,@vlb_H;Z{*-ATb(Q,,AP 7#E@ <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The machines that we sell or offer on rent are equipped with advanced features; as a result, making coffee turns out to be more convenient, than before. (Theyre better known as gerund phrase.) And carries little meaning. Besides renting the machine, at an affordable price, we are also here to provide you with the Nescafe coffee premix. (88-9), Form Types: Nonfinite clauses are usually subordinate clauses, as in these examples: to feel sick and watching TV could not stand alone as sentences. Separable and non-separable phrasal verbs, 4. Nonfinite clauses are those whose verbs are secondary: infinitival, gerundial (-ing) or participial (-ed).

, Brackets [] mark nonfinite clauses, below. First across the line was East Germany in 1969, followed by West Germany in 1972. Now that you have the Water Cooler of your choice, you will not have to worry about providing the invitees with healthy, clean and cool water. Can you see a difference in the verb phrases?

Many grammar books call non-finite clauses as phrases. A finite clause is a grammatical unit containing subject and finite verb. ):The miscreants had left before the police arrived.The opinion poll suggested that the ruling party may lose the coming election. The Verb + -ing used as the Present Participle, 7. Vending Services Offers Top-Quality Tea Coffee Vending Machine, Amazon Instant Tea coffee Premixes, And Water Dispensers. Id be quite keen to try anything like that. This is an -ed participle clause (also called past participle clause), with the -ed participle verb form covered. He raises his hand constantly and loves to participate in class discussions.

document.write( date_lastmod() );//-->. Here is an example: Now see if you can identify the -ed participle clauses in these examples: A finite clause typically contains a verb in the present tense or past tense form. "In order" + Infinitive, Charlie helped us [answer the question]. (has inflectional forms for tense and person). after modals, All he did was [talk out loud]. ), the last stage in a game of chess when only a few of the pieces are left on the board, Keeping an open mind and opening your heart: useful phrases with open. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. [Noun], He, in fact, ordered the wrong product because of his failure to read the product description carefully. For him to [speak in class] requires self-confidence. But if you wish to use it in your classroom, please register your details on Englicious (for free) and then log in! However, some do have a Subject. |Phrase vs. In the revision, imperative and subjunctive, which use plain form are included in the category of primary verbs." Charlie is used to [answering questions].

A finite clause has a primary verb as its main verb, and may be found in a relative clause or a noun clause embedded within amain clause. It is not part of either clause. The children [annoyed with Charlie] complained to the teacher. the subordinator that marks content (the clause that follows) as placed within the main (matrix) clause. Instead, it is analyzed as one form, -ing, that functions in multiple ways. See Huddleston finite-nonfinite 1173; to and for as subordinators 1181; gerund-participle distinction 80, 1120; be 113. These are just different ways of classifying groups of words. Participle Modifiers 1, The teacher has two [grown children] in college. A subordinate conjunction is often used to begin a non-finite clause. When we classify clause as finite and non-finite, we broaden the traditional definition. It serves as a marker of coordination (addition). All rights reserved. [Adjective], To read more, please subscribe to our newsletter. Prepared students excel in class. Examples of non-finite clause:Ive plenty of work requiring urgent attention.

It usually doesnt contain a subject, but may sometimes. Charlie believes that he knows the answer. The teacher likes that [he raises his hand]. That is to say, the prepositional phrase structure can include a finite clause within it. Select the response from the list that best completes the sentence. University of Edinburgh, 1 Nov 2012. You can have multiple cup of coffee with the help of these machines.We offer high-quality products at the rate which you can afford. , will make her the companys first female General Manager. Note that "to" is not included; instead, it is analyzed as a subordinator. [Prepared] students excel in class. (post-position modifier), Charlie is prepared. A subordinator allows us to package content (a noun phrase or a clause) as the subject, the object, or a prepositional complement in the main clause. ( which is attached to the letter. "And" functions as a coordinator. Prepositions of Manner/Prepositions of Cause and Effect, 6. Do you look forward to treating your guests and customers to piping hot cups of coffee? A boy [who raises his hand constantly] wants to be the center of attention. Examples of irregular -ed participles occur in the following: In each of those examples the -ed participle occurs in a finite clause, after a tensed verb. The two finite clauses are "coordinates" of and. Charlie would love for [me to [call on him]]. (The man who is sitting ), Dont forget to fill in the form attached to the letter. Charlie helped us [answer the question]. The highlighted clauses do not contain any tensed verb forms. Charlie regrets his behavior at the end of the day. , were ready to perform a traditional dance. In the first example, we have the present tense verb form feels. In linguistics, the term phrase is reserved for category phrasesrather than word groupings without a complete verb. : A nonfinite clause does not contain any present or past tense verb. "to" is the subordinator of the infinitival clause, Charlie stands up to [speak in class]. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. The subordinate conjunctions used here areif,unless,though. Participial Modifier, The boy [waving his hand] seeks attention. The finite clause modifies "boy". We could change to past tense: She felt sick. <>>> The exception is the "Itfor" structure in which the subject is subordinated with, Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, (has inflectional forms for tense and person). They said their vows standing in the rain and undisturbed by barely anyone. We understand the need of every single client. ("be" is an exception). Examples of finite clause (each sentence contains two finite clauses, one dependent and one independent. (complement to "be" or a stative verb), "The general term 'finite' is related to its everyday sense of 'limited', a finite verb is characteristically limited with respect to person and number [marked for person and tense]. [Present Participial clause functioning as adverb], Although groomed in the best possible way, the tycoons son struggled to take the business any further. a connective preposition (e.g., because, if, though) adds additional information to the main (matrix) clause. See SubjPredComp or Function vs. Category. Current analysis does not support the traditional gerund vs. participle distinction. [Past Participial clause functioning as adverb], Look around and youll find many flatterers indulging in insincere praise for selfish motives. [Adverb]. He does his homework and is very well prepared. (a.k.a. Finiteness is a syntactical rather than an inflectional category in English: "In the past linguistic analysis of English verb inflection, the first division is between the finite and non-finite forms, but the revision we have made means that the finite/non-finite distinction is no longer definable simply in terms of inflection. Non-finite clauses contain a verb which does not show tense. The exception is the "Itfor" structure in which the subject is subordinated with for (him, her, them, etc. Or who is doing the seeing? Subordinate clauses, which form part of a larger sentence,can also be finite: Compare the examples above with those below which arenonfinite clauses (highlighted). More on this later. This is a diagram of the respiratory system. The machines are affordable, easy to use and maintain. This is a diagram of the respiratory system taken from front to back. Anonfinite gerund clause has an -ing verb form (secondary verb). %PDF-1.5 The finite clauses are coordinates of "and". lel.ed.ac.uk/~gpullum/grammar/nonfiniteclauses.html, INFINITIVAL CLAUSE OBJECT (VERB COMPLEMENT). How does the traditional definition of clause reconcile with finite and non-finite clause? Charlie raises / raised his hand. [Non-finite clause with participle requiring as verb], Ive plenty of work to finish. %KiC2m5:K 3\}:_`UqhNT?D;_^V U F0Zvb$4;&,g;S5 Jill did her math. [post-position subject-noun modifier]; The approaching train was on time. Finite clauses must contain a verb which shows tense. Most importantly, they help you churn out several cups of tea, or coffee, just with a few clicks of the button. The verb hopes has the subject Charlie, but knows has no subject. Anonfinite infinitival clause has a plain form (base) verb that usually occurs with to, which is analyzed as a subordinator, not part of the nonfinite clause. [To speak in class] isdifficult. "So" functions as a coordinator and as a connective adverb (see Reversibility); the finite clause complements (completes the meaning of) "so", which expresses result. Note that in the 2002 revision of the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, finite and nonfinite verbs were renamed primary and secondary verbs. (w/subject).

Testen Sie Ihren Wortschatz mit unseren lustigen Bild-Quiz. % ("a gerund object"). There are three types of nonfinite clauses. As a host, you should also make arrangement for water. Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous? It is very common for nonfinite clauses to have no Subject. Charlie wants to [raise his hand]. (Theyre better known as infinitive phrase.) (I had something to eat before I left.).

The tense can be changed from the present tense to the past tense or past tense to the present tense. The two non-finite verbs form three types of non-finite clauses: gerund clause, participial clause, and infinitive clause. Verb + Prep Gerund Cls, (gerund-participle clause; complement to the preposition "to"), Charlie regretted [his shouting the wrong answer]. Some classify them as dependent clause, independent clause, and phrase. The above three non-finite clauses, for example, can also be called participial phrase, infinitive phrase, and gerund phrase, respectively. Articles before Countable and Uncountable Nouns, 5. Clause. Charlie wants not to [sit in class all day]. Then, we go another step down and call a group of words without verb a clause. A hurricane pounding the East Coast changed their plans. infinitival (to-infinitival, bare-infinitival). Gerund-Participleis a merged term for the -ing form that has multiple functions (uses). Charlie raised his hand so that [he could ask a question]. Das Wort im Beispielsatz passt nicht zum Stichwort. complement a word, phrase or clause that is expected or required to complete the meaning of some other element in the clause.

Klare Erklrungen von natrlichem geschriebenem und gesprochenem Englisch. by exceptionally high temperatures and exceptionally little precipitation. Infinitive Cls w/Subj, "for" is the subordinator of the subject of the infinitival clause. Can you identify the to-infinitive clauses in these examples? For years together, we have been addressing the demands of people in and around Noida. We often use a non-finite clause when the subject is the same as the subject in the main clause: I had something to eat before leaving. "Non-finite Clauses" Linguistics and English Language. Either way, you can fulfil your aspiration and enjoy multiple cups of simmering hot coffee. [subject-noun modifier, pre-position], Also see Verb or Adjective? (gerundial), [Prepared students] are more likely to succeed. Three couples not wanting to delay decided to marry in Central Park. Participle clauses mostly occur as noun complements. The words finite and nonfinite were reinterpreted as a syntactic category of the clause not the verb. Also see reduced clauses: Clause Reduc 1, Clause Reduc 2, Past Participle Cls, Pres Participle Cls. Charlie should [sit quietly]. The Water Dispensers of the Vending Services are not only technically advanced but are also efficient and budget-friendly. Look at each of these examples. Charlie is interested in [hearing the answers]. We ensure that you get the cup ready, without wasting your time and effort. If you are looking for a reputed brand such as the Atlantis Coffee Vending Machine Noida, you are unlikely to be disappointed. That is, the clause or phrase would not sound complete without the word, phrase or clause. We are proud to offer the biggest range of coffee machines from all the leading brands of this industry. Here is a pictorial representation of how the two world views of clause overlap: (Feel free to use this image for own use, using the above link for attribution.). The verb can be in the present tense or past tense. Clause Reduc 2, (gerund-participle clause; modifier to "the boy"), Sitting quietly, Charlie read his storybook. The subordinate conjunctions used here are. But in -ed participle clauses, which are nonfinite, there is no tensed verb before the -ed participle. A finite clause can stand alone as an independent clause (a sentence), or it can serve as a coordinate clause, a subordinate clause, or a supplementary clause. [Brackets enclose finite clauses below for demonstration purposes here.]. A subordinate conjunction is often used to begin a non-finite clause. We usually use non-finite verbs only in subordinate clauses.

Charlie's curiosity is due to the fact that [he asks so many questions].

after do, [Sitting in class] is hard. Vending Services (Noida)Shop 8, Hans Plaza (Bhaktwar Mkt. All Right Reserved. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check" or "Check 6-10" button. so much rain in the East and none in the South. Helped by local volunteers, staff at the museum have spent many years sorting and cataloguing more than 100,000 photographs. A finite clause includes a primary verb as the main verb. Three couples not wanting to delay decided to marry in Central Park. The connective preposition is the head of the prepositional phrase (because of its primary position in the phrase and the fact that it carries meaning). A hurricane pounding the East Coast changed their plans. A finite clause is a main clause or a subordinate clause that must have a verb to show tense. VTXq Bc8XF&pIm4q 9:Slz\!1*=U?YBjhC_@#KD^,]A`yhESEHY#1Hpm$5:P=FVNDYiP=qjr9tsYh}98 l&vqb8Bf>1g8& :p 1MFLGO>6`trZta3lP'"cb!-*QAP&@pbP`{hj2L~: tqo>^]4BW1OK.Ce)YH?srB:V@cI-4^qAc lMcCF:|GI$+7R+ ,pH|>A^0}9\,]xt&nO!&H:ABB1TB1947qHi3St. If you are throwing a tea party, at home, then, you need not bother about keeping your housemaid engaged for preparing several cups of tea or coffee. However, precipitation has diminished. So, find out what your needs are, and waste no time, in placing the order. [Non-finite clause with infinitive to finish as verb]Finishing the work isnt a priority at the moment. Grammar Notes (Aarts 78) (Huddleston 14) (Payne 14.2). Charlie smiled after [answering the question]. (Brackets enclose the nonfinite clause in each example below for the purpose of illustration.). In this clause, the verb comes after the word, Present participle clause (or ing clause). "That" functions as the subordinator of the content in the finite clause; that + the finite clause complements (completes the meaning expressed by) the verb "know". (Biber 198) Beim senden Ihres Reports ist ein Problem aufgefallen, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? Conjunctions Function as Preposition, Adverb, or Adjective, 6. Klicken Sie auf die Pfeile, um die bersetzungsrichtung zu ndern. For example, in I am happy for you to start without me, you is the Subject of the nonfinite subordinate clause. Non-separable Intransitive Phrasal Verb. ?F,8EN [ f$2A}F.)PX$[ol)3~v z:\6)Z[8F. Participle Modifiers 1, The children [bothered by Charlie] told him to zip his lips. Charlie, who sits in class, finds it difficult. Several couples hoped to marry this weekend. Either way, the machines that we have rented are not going to fail you.

I hope you dont mind sleeping on the floor. He left the party and went home, not having anyone to talk to. ("a reduced adjective clause" or "participial adjective"), Charlie, [admired by his classmates], raised his hand. Your guests may need piping hot cups of coffee, or a refreshing dose of cold coffee. This finite clause is called the "main clause" or "matrix clause". We usually understand the time referred to from the context of the main clause. A non-finite clause is a grammatical unit that contains a non-finite verb. However, some peoplecontinue to use the term "finite verb". He is [main verb] working [nonfinite complement]. These are called finite clauses because they contain finite verbs: verbs in the present tense or past tense form. Participle Modifiers 2. It was impossible to hold their weddings as planned. They are more compact and less explicit than finite clauses: they are not marked for tense and modality, and they frequently lack an explicit subject and subordinator." If definition of non-finite clause confuses you, just remember that the above three types of phrases constitute non-finite clause. He dislikes sitting quietly. Select the nonfinite clause from the list. The boy is [waving his hand]. Positions of preposition in the sentence, 5. Future: other expressions to talk about the future, Future: present continuous to talk about the future (, Future: present simple to talk about the future (, Verb patterns: verb + infinitive or verb + -, Modality: other modal words and expressions, Conjunctions: causes, reasons, results and purpose, Relative clauses referring to a whole sentence, Relative clauses: defining and non-defining, Forming negative statements, questions and imperatives. Past perfect simple or past perfect continuous? The person to ask about going to New Zealand is Beck. In the East, rain falling endlessly has flooded city streets. "Non-finite clauses are regularly dependent. , she has amazed audiences with her superb skills. There are three main types of nonfinite clause, corresponding to the three types of nonfinite verb. See Nonfinite Forms (passive vs. active, earlier vs. later timing). (We saw that non-finite clauses are essentially gerund phrases, participial phrases, and infinitive phrases from the traditional setup.). (Does not use "do" support with the negative. In fact, speaking in class is what he does best. ), (Past tense used in the finite/main clause. How are they different from dependent and independent clause? Words that intervene between subject and verb, 4. It is annoying that he answers all the questions. Note that "to" is not included; instead, it is analyzed as a subordinator, subordinates the subject ("agent") into the infinitival.

Some classify them as finite and non-finite clause. Same Noun Used with all Three Articles, 2.

Similarly, if you seek to install the Tea Coffee Machines, you will not only get quality tested equipment, at a rate which you can afford, but you will also get a chosen assortment of coffee powders and tea bags. It is unusual for us to have so much rain in the East and none in the South. Restrictive (or defining) and Non-restrictive (or non-defining) Relative Clauses, 4.

First, we called a group of words without subject and finite verb a clause. . Charlie is doing well in kindergarten. [not marked for person and tense, dependent]( 88-9). This structure is called a "gerund phrase" in traditional grammar., Charlie is [sitting quietly]. Charlie raised his hand. See Infinitive Cls w/Subj and Gerund Cls w/Subject. It is unusual for [him to [keep quiet]. 4 0 obj <> You may be interested in installing the Tata coffee machine, in that case, we will provide you with free coffee powders of the similar brand. [Not wanting to sit all day] is understandable. We know that [Charlie raises his hand constantly]]. Compare your response to the feedback by clicking the "Check" or "Check 1-5" button. Our examples of finite clauses so far are main clauses: She feels sick and I was watching TV stand alone as complete sentences. 1 0 obj A primary verb can be inflected for tense (usually -ed in past), person (usually -s for 3rd person) and occasionally number (is/are and was/were). It contains a verb that does not show tense, which means it does not show the time at which something happened. gyMsNV {AKkIN2r)[AS`f1nE@fT /-A_H~E #i7:rGAQ$6wirni[n,]f,?|/tpw!cBwc?%F))7C3XI0 SGCqM#6|'NF8_GY+ 7tGVVp86X'^(DM#jAy82#?"GJ+YKc OkfVR]qI[k5Q?Z~Y3&i=pvGQ`FI;j~vf?kvAAgL*` ovc EZ#>]}T#eRDI/wesdLkL,CWxY)wV9@Qe2yY$3|Rh ldIW~CQ