Ravi Phase (3,300-2,800 BCE), the Hakra Phase (2,800-2,600 BCE), and the Precious stones were hewn into beads to be worn as necklace. The most notably sculpture, seal carving and ancient art, featuring a range of beautiful glazed faience beads, necklaces, in the West for its bronze figurative sculpture - notably the famous slender-limbed Archeological investigations have revealed In addition to the Mother-Goddess, people worshipped a three-headed-deity which can be recognised as a prototype of historic Shiva. Angkor The religion of the Indus Valley people was the lineal progenitor of Hinduism. Skilled craftsmen at workshops based in many different parts of the civilisation were notified that more items need to be manufactured. There are different levels of Wali depending on the extent of love and unity with the Almighty that they feel and exhibit in their behaviour. However, nothing can be said for certain about the script of the Indus Valley people except that it was pictographic. Therefore, we can conclude that there is an organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today. It has now been established beyond all doubts that India possessed one of the advanced civilisation at a time when the English people were still living in the jungle age. Men, women and children came to see and procure the products of their liking. Almost all the three methods have been discovered but according to Sir John Marshall, the second method was the most popular. This testimony clearly indicate that the people had quite an advanced type of religious faith. In recent years excavation at village Alamirpur near Meerut and in Saurashtra have also revealed the similar remains. Introduction to Indus Valley Civilisation, Town Planning and Architecture of Indus Civilisation, Social Life of the People of Indus Civilisation, Economic Life of the People of Indus Civilisation, Religion of the People of Indus Civilisation, Art and Craft of the People of Indus Civilisation, Causes for the Destruction of Indus Valley Culture, Contribution of the Indus Valley Civilisation. can be divided into three main periods: (1) Early Harappan: 33002600 But R. B. Dikshit is of the view that the people of Indus Valley developed an independent script of their own. From the evidence, we find three methods were used for the disposal of the dead person: Secondly, after burning the dead body the remains of the dead body were buried under earth. But probably most outstanding artistic work produced by the Indus Valley people is the bronze dancing girl. (c.2500 BCE) Bronze figurine. The uniqueness of its art and architecture is traceable in everything ranging from the fort and buildings up to its earthenware and metal products. It has already been observed that the people of Mohenjo-Daro were of cosmopolitan character. Among the key centres of BCE. In addition to this people domesticated animals for economic purposes. discovered in 1974 by French archeologists Jean-Francois Jarrige and Catherine There is every reason to believe that the Indus Valley culture was a synthesis of the Aryan and non-Aryan cultures and its authorship cannot be ascribed to any particular race. behind them, directly from the very home of the The discovery of various toilet jars made of ivory, metal pottery and stone have led the scholars to the conclusion that the people were in the habit of using powder. Thousands of years later, we can still witness the various continuities from the past when it comes to designing our accessories even today; be it the manner in which we adorn our bangles, design our handcrafted necklaces or wrap our shawls. They also prepared many articles out of burnt clay. Some of these goods were sent to the major centers such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa. conditions. However, no large palaces or temples The excavation at Mohenjo-Daro have brought to light seven different it layers of buildings, which have assigned to three different period viz., early, intermediate and late. The hand then whirled the pottery-wheel came to rule the posterity. We have also not come across any monumental sculpture in any of the remains. Fishing was used both as game as well as regular profession. culture. The seals and sealing system also allude to their rich artistic sense. The artisans and sculptors of Harappan culture were equally competent. The authors of Vedic age have also observed: Small cockle shells containing a red ochre rouge, lumps of green earth white face paint, and black beauty substance show that the belles in ancient Sind attended to beauty and toilet culture. However, certain scholars have taken certain bones recovered on the upper-most layer as bones of the horse, while the others have denied. The swimming baths were filled with the water from the wells, which were built of burnt bricks. No one has yet established how Indus

In addition certain needles, axis, sans, sickles, knives, fish hooks, chisels have also been discovered. This city was built after careful planning, as is clear from streets which though vary in width yet intersect at right angles. It has been suggested by certain scholars that the Aryans borrowed Siva cult from the Indus Valley people. The manner in which this article is able to give such vivid descriptions of trade-connections is really impressive. (Up to 1150 CE) bangles, combs (kakai), and other ornaments and toiletry items.

The most common amongst them were the buffalo, sheep, goat, camel, cow etc. From these examples it is clear that the Harappan sculptors were talented and highly creative. It is popularly said that the Indus Valley art and craft also had a fascination for natural forms and they depicted human figures very closely to their original forms. People produced a variety of pots, certain pots were meant for daily use and were plain while other pots were meant for the preservation of valuables and were painted. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The right hand rests on the waist and the left hand dangles down to rest on the left knee. Location and Discovery Not only did the Harappans use these handcrafted ornaments to beautify themselves but they also incorporated these materials into their spiritual life. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. India: Painting and Sculpture. The international trade was mainly carried on by the land routes in which bullock-carts were used. It is characterized by intensive As the laud of the Indus Valley was quite productive and had sufficient irrigation facilities, the agriculture seems to have been the main stay-of the people. This has been proved by the discovery of half-burnt bones, found in the houses, lanes and streets. Report a Violation, Top 6 Cause of Decline of the Harappan Culture, The Vedas: The Holy Scriptures of the Aryans. These convey not only their artistic sense but also a knowledge of the animal world. However, if we take the funeral customs of the people of Indus Valley, it would be difficult to accept this contention. Further excavation were carried out along the Indus between Rupar at the foot of Shimla hills and Sutkagendor, 300 miles close to Karachi, where similar remains were discovered. Mohenjo-Daro was a great industrial centre and a number of industries were practiced there. As a result of this change the fertile Indus Valley was converted into a tract of sand and people were forced to leave the place. They began by arranging yellow chalcedony which would be repeatedly heated in a pot packed with sawdust. The people of the Indus Valley did not make much progress in the field of fine arts and crafts. The children had special love for clay modelling as is proved by the presence of large number of crude models of men and women and animals, whistles, cattle etc. Dating to the era of late Neolithic Thus we find that there is great difficulty in ascertaining the race to which the people of Indus Valley civilisation belonged. Gaatha ~ Philosophy Indian Handmade Crafts. As the demand went up, the work of the craftsmen also increased. Introduction to Indus Valley Civilisation 2. All these discoveries point to the existence of an advanced civilisation in pre-historic India which is now popularly known as Indus Valley Civilization or Harappa Culture. visual-arts-cork.com. (from 18,000 BCE). Fourthly, archaeologists have attributed the decline of the Valley civilisation to the progressive decay of the land due to cultivation, neglect or destruction of the irrigation facilities and the continuous exploitation of land and firewood for brick manufacture. History Excavations have revealed The presence of certain objects of Indus Valley civilisation in Sumeria suggest that India had trade relations with that country also. The women were also very fashion conscious and bore fan-shaped hair dress. As regards the dresses no actual specimens of clothing have fallen into the hands of the excavators and we have to make conjectures about their dress from the various figures. For more about arts and crafts in Thirdly, it is argued that the great wealth of the people of the Valley attracted wild tribes from the hills, who might have brought about the destruction of the Indus Valley civilisation. Race of Indus Civilisation 3. The peoples used burnt bricks in building walls, pavements, bath rooms, drains, etc. They knew how to make different pots, flower-vases and images of human beings, animals and birds in copper and bronze. In addition to the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro, a bath has also been discovered at Harappa which measures 39 X 13 X 8 feet. Harappan Arts and Crafts featuring images of dancing girls as well as animals like cows, bears, River and its tributaries, extending to more than 1,056 cities and settlements These buildings were probably supposed to be temples, municipal or assembly halls. When members would pass away, the family tended to bury them with their accessories on. Another damaged piece of stone sculpture from the Harappan region faintly resembles Natraj Shiva because of the dance-posture of the sculpted image. RD. This suggest that spinning of cotton and wool was quite common. Great work!! Marshall holds that this civilisation was quite different from the earlier Vedic civilisation and that it was quite different from that of the Aryans.

Social Life of the People of Indus Valley Civilisation: 6. She is standing in a provocative posture, with one arm on her hip and one lanky leg half-bent. In addition they also knew about similar animals like mongoose, squirrel, parrot, peacock, cat etc. On the basis of the finds discovered Dr. Guha has expressed the view that the people belonged to a mixed race. The people were fully acquainted with agriculture and different types of agriculture. a variety of stone sculpture and However, we soon learnt from the artisans themselves that need was not to do research alone, but to restore pride and serious commercial opportunity in their ecosystem. For long, Harappa had not been able to capture popular imagination in ways other ancient civilisations did and thus, the archaeologist, Geoffrey Bibby, rightly stated that the Indus Valley civilization is the Cinderella of the ancient world. Till date, scholars have made several attempts to decipher their script but there has been no success. Great read! Gaatha project was originally conjured only for researching and documenting the rapid erosion of Indian craft clusters and heritage.

At least one street has been traced which is more than half a mile long and at places over 30 wide. Far flung IVC colonies have (14th-16th Century) Each house had a wall and drain which were connected with the main street drain. Date 4. below). figures, seen mostly on Harappan steatite seals. However, certain scholars regard this script as Sanskrit while other considers it as Dravidian. This glorification of modern- day industries and an overshadowing of crafts which are considered primitive by the flagbearers of modernity, is the reason behind the suffering of many.